CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Many illnesses change the concentration of chemicals in the body, and this means that the biochemistry lab often receives the largest number of samples each day. It is here they perform many of the most commonly requested tests, including Kidney Function Test, Liver Function Test, Lipid profile, Cardiac Profile, etc. Biochemistry is also responsible for performing blood glucose to diagnose and monitor diabetes. They will also measure metabolic products, proteins and drugs, mainly in blood but also in urine, CSF and other body fluids.

HAEMATOLOGY

The dedicated pathologists and scientists immersed in the field of hematology specialize in the intricate study of blood and the bone marrow, the crucial site where blood cells come to life. Within this specialized realm, some experts further narrow their focus, delving into the realm of blood cancers. They lead multi-disciplinary teams that are instrumental in the diagnosis and comprehensive management of conditions such as leukemia and lymphoma. This intricate process involves a meticulous examination of abnormal cells and cell patterns under the powerful lens of a microscope.

In parallel, other specialists within hematology carve their expertise in coagulation, a fundamental aspect of blood clotting. This specialization holds paramount importance across a spectrum of health conditions, ranging from stroke, heart disease, and post-surgery treatment to pulmonary embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis. Among the array of tests conducted, the Full Blood Count takes center stage, being one of the most frequently requested tests due to its ability to unveil crucial insights into a patient’s overall health.

The field of hematology also extends its reach into pivotal areas such as blood banking, blood typing, and antibody testing. These components, seamlessly integrated into the comprehensive work of hematology, contribute significantly to enhancing our understanding and management of various health conditions.

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MICROBIOLOGY

The investigation of infectious diseases is conducted within the field of microbiology. Pathologists and scientists in this specialized discipline diligently search for precise indications of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that could be responsible for a patient’s symptoms. This investigative process often entails the cultivation (or culturing) of specific bacteria in an incubator designed to replicate the optimal conditions for microorganism growth. Subsequently, the cultivated specimens undergo meticulous scrutiny under a microscope (microscopy) to discern intricate details.

This microbiological laboratory also assesses the susceptibility of the identified bacteria to antibiotics, a critical step in determining the most effective treatment strategy. This thorough analysis aids in the decision-making process for healthcare professionals, guiding them towards tailored and targeted treatment plans for patients exhibiting symptoms of infectious diseases.

IMMUNOLOGY

Central to the body’s ability to fight infection is the production of antibodies – proteins produced in response to a foreign organism or substance. Without adequate levels of antibodies, the body’s defense is lowered but high levels of antibodies can be indicative of autoimmune disease.

Immunology specializes in disorders of the immune system including autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, SLE (lupus), and coeliac disease. It also performs tests to establish whether or not someone is immunodeficient. This can be inherited, the result of an infection or a disease, or produced as a side effect of drugs, such as those used to treat cancer.

SEROLOGY

In some diseases it’s not possible to identify the bacteria or virus that is causing an infection, instead, the antibodies produced by the immune response are investigated. The scientists working in serology examine blood serum for antibodies to infections such as colds and flu, Epstein Barr virus (glandular fever), rubella (measles) and Ross River fever. Allergies are also tested in this way. One of the most common tasks performed in the serology lab is to measure levels of antibodies to find out if a patient has had a recent infection, a past infection, or a response to a vaccination. In some cases, antibody tests can help monitor a patient’s treatment to see if it is being effective.